Do vegans have to swallow a pile of pills?

Short answer

Not a pile. B12 is practically required (supplement or fortification). The rest (D, iodine, DHA, iron) depends on the diet, latitude and bloodwork — as it does for non-vegans.

Sources

1. Vitamin B12 — Fact Sheet for Health Professionals
2. Plant-based diet — British Dietetic Association
3. The vegan diet

Related questions

• Is plant protein inferior, and does soy negatively affect hormones?
• Can a vegan diet be balanced?
• Do fortified cereals replace a B12 supplement?
• Are fermented foods enough as a source of vitamin B12?